>> How The Affluent Manage Home Equity
How the Affluent Manage Home Equity Safely and Conservatively Build By Steven Marshall toWealthCopyright © 2006 by Strategic Equity LLC. All rights reserved. Provided Courtesy of Allen Robinson FTMC How the Affluent Manage Home Equity Copyright © 2006 by Strategic Equity LLC. All rights reserved. Most of what we believe about mortgages and home equity, which we learned from our parents and grandparents, is wrong. They taught usto make a big down payment, get a fixed rate mortgage, and make extra principle payments in order to pay off your loan as early as you can. Mortgages, they said, are a necessary evil at best. The problem with this rationale is it has become outdated. The rules of money have changed. Unlike our grandparents, we will no longer have the same job for 30 years. In many cases people will switch careers five or six times. Also, unlike our grandparents, we can no longer depend on our company’s pension plan for a secure retirement. A recent Gallup survey showed that 75% of workers want to retire before the age of 60, yet only 25% think they can. Unlike our grandparents, we will no longer live in the same home for 30 years. Statistics show that the average homeowner lives in their home for only seven years. And unlike our grandparents, we will no longer keep the same mortgage for 30 years. According to the Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, the average American mortgage lasts 4.2 years. People are refinancing their homes every 4.2 years to improve their interest rate, restructure their debt, remodel their home, or to pull out money for investing, education or other expenses. Given these statistics, it’s difficult to understand why so many Americans continue to pay a high interest rate premium If you had enough money to pay off your mortgage right now, would you? Many people would. In fact, the ‘American Dream’ is to own your own home, and to own it outright, with no mortgage. If the American Dream is so wonderful, how can we explain the fact that thousands of financially successful people, who have more than enough money to pay off their mortgage, refuse to do so. they are likely to only use the first 4.2 years of the mortgage. We can only conclude they are operating on outdated knowledge from previous generations when there were few options other than the 30 year fixed mortgage. Wealthy Americans, those with the ability to pay off their mortgage but refuse to do so, understand how to make their mortgage work for them. They go against many of the beliefs of traditional thinking. They put very little money down, they keep their mortgage balance as high as possible, they choose adjustable rate interest-only mortgages, and most importantly they integrate their mortgage into their overall financial plan to continually increase their wealth. This is how the rich get richer. The game board is the same, but while most Americans are playing checkers, the affluent are playing chess. The good news is the strategies used by the wealthy work for the rest of America as well. Any homeowner can implement the strategies of the wealthy to increase their net worth. Ric Edelman, one of the top financial planners in the country and a New York Times Best Selling author, summarizes in this book often, people buy homes in a vacuum, without considering how that purchase is going to affect other aspects of their lives. This can be a big mistake, and therefore you must recognize that owning a home holds very important implications for the rest of your financial plan. Although a fine goal, owning a home is not the ultimate financial planning goal, and in fact how you handle issues of home ownership may well determine whether you achieve financial success.” In order to discover how our parents and grandparents got the idea that a mortgage was a necessary evil at best, we must go back in time to the Great Depression. In the 1920’s a common clause in loan agreements gave banks the right to demand full repayment of the loan at any time. Since this was like asking for the moon and the stars, no one worried about it. When the stock market crashed on October 29, 1929 millions of investors lost huge sums of money, much of it on margin. Back then, you could buy $10 of stock for a $1. Since the value of the stocks dropped, few investors wanted to sell, so they had to go to the bank and take out cash to cover their margin call. It didn’t take long for the banks to run out of cash and start calling loans due from good Americans who were faithfully making their mortgage payments every month. However, there wasn’t any demand to buy these homes, so prices continued to drop. To cover the margin calls, brokers were forced to sell stocks and once again there wasn’t a market for stocks so the prices kept dropping. Ultimately, the Great Depression saw the stock market fall more than 75% from its 1929 highs. More for a 30-year fixed rate mortgage, whenThe Truth About Money, “Too Why PeoPle Fear Mortgages,nd Why you shouldn’tHow the Affluent Manage Home Equity Copyright © 2006 by Strategic Equity LLC. All rights reserved. money is not the same as making money. Or, put another way, paying off debt is not the same as accumulating assets. By tackling the mortgage pay-off first, and the savings goal second, many fail to consider the important role a mortgage plays in our savings effort. Every dollar we give the bank is a dollar we did not invest. While paying off the mortgage saves us interest, it denies us the opportunity to earn interest with that money. a t Ric Edelman has educated his clients for years on the benefits of integrating their mortgage into their overall financial plan. In his book, Money each of whom secures a mortgage to buy a $200,000 home. Each brother earns $70,000 a year and has $40,000 in savings. The first brother, Brother A, believes than half the nation’s banks failed and millions of homeowners, unable to raise the cash they needed to payoff their loans, lost their homes. Out of this the American Mantra was born: outright. Never carry a mortgage. The reasoning behind America’s new mantra was really quite simple: if the economy fell to pieces, at least you still had your home and the bank couldn’t take it away from you. Maybe you couldn’t put food on the table or pay your bills, but your home was secure. Since the Great Depression laws have been introduced that make it illegal for banks to call your loan due. The bank can no longer call you up and say, “We’re running a little short on cash and need you to pay off your loan in the next thirty days.” Additionally, the Fed is now quick to infuse money into the system if there is a run on the banks, as we saw in 1987 and Y2K. Also, the FDIC was created to insure banks. Still, it’s no wonder the fear of losing their home became instilled in the hearts and minds of the American people, and they quickly grew to fear their mortgage. In the 1950’s and 60’s families would throw mortgage burning parties to celebrate paying off their home. And so, because of this fear of their mortgage, for nearly 75 years most people have overlooked the opportunities their mortgage provides to build financial security. ale oF tWo BrothersThe New Rules of, Ric tells the story of two brothers,Always own your homeW a Many people hate their mortgage because they know over the life of a 30 year loan, they will spend more in interest than the house cost them in the first place. To save money it becomes very tempting to make a bigger down payment, or make extra principal payments. Unfortunately, saving in the old way of paying off a mortgage, which is as soon as possible. Brother A bites the bullet and secures a fifteen-year mortgage at 6.38% APR and shells out all $40,000 of his savings as a 20% down payment, leaving him zero dollars to invest. This leaves him with a monthly payment of $1,383. Since he has a combined federal and state income tax rate of 32%, he is left with an average monthly net aftertax cost of $1,227. Also, in an effort to eliminate his mortgage sooner, Brother A sends an extra $100 to his lender every month. Brother B, in contrast, subscribes to the new way of mortgage planning, choosing instead to carry a big, long-term mortgage. He secures a 30-year, interestonly loan at 7.42% APR. He outlays a small 5% down payment of $10,000 and invests the remaining $30,000 in a safe, moneymaking side account. His monthly payment is $1,175, 100% of which is tax deductible over the first 15 years, and 64% over the life of the loan, leaving him a monthly net after-tax cost of $799. Every month he adds $100 to his investments (the same $100 Brother A sent to his lender), plus the $428 he’s saved from his lower mortgage payment. His investment account earns an 8% rate of return. Which brother made the right decision? The answer can be found by looking into the future. After just five years Brother A has received $14,216 in tax savings, however he made zero dollars in savings and investments. Brother B, on the other hand, has received $22,557 in tax savings and his savings and investment account has grown to $83,513. Now, what if both brothers suddenly lose their jobs? The story here turns rather bleak for Brother A. Without any money in savings, he has no way to get through the crisis. Even though hy PeoPle hate their Mortgagend Why you shouldn’tCommon Home Equity Misconceptions Many Americans believe the following statements to be true, but in reality they are myths, or misconceptions: Your home equity is a prudent investment. FALSE Extra principal payments on your mortgage saves you money. FALSE Mortgage interest should be eliminated as soon as possible. FALSE Substantial equity in your home enhances your net worth. FALSE Home Equity has a rate of return. FALSE How the Affluent Manage Home Equity Copyright © 2006 by Strategic Equity LLC. All rights reserved. he has $74,320 of equity in his home, he can’t get a loan because he doesn’t have a job. With no job and no savings, he can’t make his monthly payments and has no choice but to sell his home in order to avoid foreclosure. Unfortunately, at this point it’s a fire sale so he must sell at a discount, and then pay real estate commissions. Brother B, while not particularly happy at the prospects of searching for a new job, is not worried because he has $83,513 in savings to tide him over. He doesn’t need a loan and can easily make his monthly payments, even if he is unemployed for years. He has no reason to panic, as he is still in control. Remember… Now, let’s say neither brother lost his job. We’ll check in on them after fifteen years have passed since they purchased their homes and evaluate the results of their financing strategies. Brother A has now received $25,080 in tax savings, he has $30,421 in savings and investments (once his home was paid off he started saving the equivalent of his mortgage payment each month), and owns his home outright. Not too bad, right? Now let’s check on his Brother. Brother B has received $67,670 in tax savings and has $282,019 in savings and investments. If he chooses to, he can pay off the remaining mortgage balance of $190,000 and still have $92,019 left over in savings, free and clear. Finally, let’s assume that rather than pay off his mortgage at fifteen years, Brother B decides to ride out the whole thirty years of the loan’s life. While Brother A has still received only $25,080 in tax savings, his savings and investments have grown to $613,858, and he still owns his home outright. Brother B, on the other hand, has re- Cash is King!A Tale Of Two Brothers Adapted from the book, The New Rules of Money Our story begins with two brothers, each earning $70,000 a year. They each have $ 0,000 in savings and both are buying $ 00,000 homes. 15- $0 $1,383 (56% $1,227 sends eFFort to eliMinate Mortgage sooner received has What if both brothers suddenly lost their jobs? year Mortgage at 6.38% aPrBig doWn PayMentleFt to investMonthly PayMentis tax deductiBle First year/33% average)Monthly net aFter-tax cost$100 Monthly to lender in$14,216 in tax savings$0 in savings and investMentshas no savings to get hiM through crisis can $74,320 – Must sell his hoMe or Face Foreclosure Because he can at this Point sell at a discount and Pay real estate coMMissions oWns hoMe outright received has oWns hoMe outright 30- $10,000 $30,000 $1,175 (100% $799 adds $428 Where account earns received has has doesn can easily Make his Mortgage PayMents even iF he has no reason to Panic since he control ’t get a loan – even though he hasMore in equity than his BrotherBecause he has no joB’t Make PayMents– it’s a Fire sale – he Must(6-7 %)$25,080 in tax savings$613,858 in savings and investMentsyear interest-only loan at 7.42% aPrsMall doWn PayMentreMaining to investMonthly PayMentis tax deductiBle First 15 years/64% average)Monthly net aFter-tax cost$100 Monthly to investMents, Plussaved FroM loWer Mortgage PayMent8% rate oF return$22,557 in tax savings$83,513 in savings and investMents$83,513 in savings to tide hiM over’t need a loan’s uneMPloyed For years’s still in– reMeMBer... cash is king!received has Results After 15 Years $25,080 in tax savings$30,421 in savings and investMentsreceived has reMaining Mortgage Balance is – and still have and clear Results After 30 Years $67,670 in tax savings$282,019 in savings and investMents$190,000and he has enough savings to Pay it oFF$92,019 leFt over, Freereceived oWns hoMe outright and enjoys the saMe BeneFits once again has investMents Brother “A” believes in “The Old Way” – paying off the mortgage as soon as possible Brother “B” believes in “The New Way” –carrying a big, long mortgage $107,826 in tax savings– so starts Fresh$1,115,425 in savings andResults After 5 Years How the Affluent Manage Home Equity Copyright © 2006 by Strategic Equity LLC. All rights reserved. ceived a whopping $107,826 in tax savings, has accumulated an incredible $1,115,425 in savings and investments, and also owns his home outright. He can start over fresh and enjoy the same benefits once again. Unfortunately, the majority of Americans follow the same path as Brother A, as it’s the only path they know. Once the path of Brother B is revealed to them, a paradigm shifting epiphany often occurs as they realize Brother B’s path enables homeowners to pay their homes off sooner (if they choose to), while significantly increasing their net worth and maintaining the added benefits of liquidity and safety the entire way. s e t In 2003, Doug Andrew, a top financial planner from Utah, was the first to clearly articulate the strategy the wealthy have been using for decades in his book, uccessFully Managing hoMequity to increase liquidity,saFety, rate oF return, andax deductionsMissed Fortune. the concepts of successfully managing home equity to increase liquidity, safety, rate of return, and tax deductions. Doug educates readers to view their mortgage and home equity through a different lens, the same lens used by the affluent. He shows how relatively minor changes in home equity perception and positioning can produce monumental long-term effects in financial security. Many Americans believe the best way to pay off a home early is to pay extra principal on your mortgage. Similarly, many finance professors think a 15-year loan saves you money by reducing the interest you pay. However, Doug Andrew points out in his book, flawed. If you do the math, you find if you set aside the monthly payment difference between a 15-year loan and a 30-year loan, as well as the tax savings into a safe side investment account earning a conservative rate of return, you will have enough to pay your home off in 13½ years (or in 15 years with $25,000 to spare!). Chapter one in mistake made by millions of Americans who choose the fifteen-year loan. FTMC teaches an educational seminar for the public based largely on the Fortune break down the four key benefits of integrating your mortgage into your financial plan (increased liquidity, safety, rate of return, and tax deductions) in order to look at each one in more detail. Our goal is to help clients conserve their home equity, not consume it. We are one of the few financial planning firms who encourage clients to secure debt in order to become debt free sooner. In April 1998, The Journal of Financial Planning (published by the Institute of Certified Financial Planners) contained the first academic study undertaken on the question of 15-year versus 30-year mortgages. They concluded the 30-year loan is better. Based on the same logic, wouldn’t an interest-only loan be better than an amortizing loan? If mortgage money cost you 4-5%, the chances are pretty good that you can earn 5% on your money. Interest rates are relative. In the 1980’s, money was costing 15%, but individuals could still earn 15% on their money. Due to the tax deductibility of mortgage interest and compounding returns, you can borrow at a higher rate and invest it at a lower rate and still make a significant profit. The book is based onMissed Fortune, that this thinking isMissed Fortune talks about the $25,000Missedconcepts. In the seminar, wel c By having cash available for emergencies and investment opportunities, most homeowners are better off than if their equity is tied up in their residence. Large, idle equity, also called ‘having all your eggs in one basket,’ can be risky if the homeowner suddenly needs cash. While employed and in excellent health, borrowing on a home is easy, but most people, especially retirees, unexpectedly need cash when they are sick, unemployed or have insufficient income. Obtaining a home loan under these circumstances can be either impossible or very expensive. How many of us feel when we go to the bank we almost need to prove we don’t arge equity in your hoMean Be a Big disadvantageAre you still doing this? “Here is an extra $100 principal payment Mr. Banker. Don’t pay me any interest on it. If I need it back, I’ll pay you fees, borrow it back on your terms, and prove to you that I qualify.” Money you give the bank is money you’ll never see again unless you refinance or sell. How the Affluent Manage Home Equity Copyright © 2006 by Strategic Equity LLC. All rights reserved. need the money before they’ll loan it to us? The bank wants to know we have the ability to repay the loan. You can imagine how a conversation might go with your banker: “I brought up your loan application up to the board this morning and I explained to them you’re going through some hard financial times, you’re unemployed, your credit is not so good and maybe they could lend you some cash to get through these rough times.” Their response was... What many people don’t realize is that even if they’ve consistently been making double mortgage payments for five years in a row, the bank still has no leniency. If suddenly they experience a financial setback, the bank will not care. They can go to the bank and plead, “I never thought in a million years this would happen to me, but it did. I’ve been paying my mortgage in advance for years, how about if I just coast on my mortgage payments for a few months?” They get the same answer every time... chance!’ Regardless of how much you’ve paid your mortgage down or how many extra payments you’ve made, next month’s payment is still due in its entirety no matter what. W y In the book, Andrew suggests people strongly consider separating as much equity as they possibly can from their house, and place it over in a cash position. Why in the world would you want to have the equity removed from your home? There are actually three primary reasons: 1. L 2. S 3. R These three elements are also commonly used as the test of a prudent investment. When evaluating a potential investment, experienced investors will ask the following three questions: ‘Fat chance!’‘FatBanks just don’t work that way.hy seParate equity FroMour hoMe?Missed Fortune, Dougiquidityafetyate of RetuRn1. H (Can I get my money back when I want it?) ow Liquid iS it?2. H (Is it guaranteed or insured?) ow Safe iS it?3. w Home equity fails all three tests of a prudent investment. Let’s examine each of these core elements in more detail to better understand why home equity fails the tests of a prudent investment, and, more importantly, why home-owners benefit by separating the equity from their home. Hat Rate of RetuRn Can i expeCt?s i What is the biggest secret in real estate? Your mortgage is a loan against your income, not a loan against the value of your house. Without an income, in many cases you cannot get a loan. If you suddenly experienced difficult financial times, would your rather have $25,000 of cash to help you make your mortgage payment, or have an additional $25,000 of equity trapped in your home? Almost every person who has ever lost their home to foreclosure would have been better off if they had their equity separated from their home in a liquid, safe, conservative side fund that could be used to make mortgage payments during their time of need. The importance of liquidity became all too clear when the stock market crashed in October of 1987. If someone had advised you to sell your stocks and convert to cash, they would have been a hero. Or, if you had enough liquidity you could have weathered the storm. Those with other liquid assets were able to remain invested. They were rewarded as the market rebounded and recovered fully within 90 days. However, those without liquidity were forced to sell while the market was down, causing them to accept significant losses. In Fortune young couple who learned what he calls “The $150,000 Lesson on Liquidity”. In 1978 this couple built a beautiful home that would be featured in Gardens in value, and, by 1982, it was appraised for just under $300,000. They had accumulated a significant amount of equity, not because they had been making extra payments on the property, but because market conditions improved over that four-year period. This couple thought they had the world by the tail. They had a home valued at $300,000 with first and second mortgages owing only $150,000. They had “made” $150,000 in four short years. eParating equity toncrease liquidityMissed, Doug Andrew tells the story of aBetter Homes and. The couple’s home appreciated“It’s better to have access to the equity or value of your home and not need it, than to need it and not be able to get at it.” How the Affluent Manage Home Equity 7Copyright © 2006 by Strategic Equity LLC. All rights reserved. They had the misconception that the equity in their home had a rate of return when, in fact, it was just a number on a sheet of paper. Then, a series of unexpected events reduced their income to almost nothing for nine months. They couldn’t borrow money to keep their mortgage payments current because without an income they did not have the ability to repay. Within six months they had sold two other properties to bring their mortgage out of delinquency. They soon realized that in order to protect their $150,000 of equity they would have to sell their home. As Murphy’s Law would have it, the previously strong real estate market turned soft. Although they reduced their asking price several times – from $295,000 down to $195,000 – they could not find a buyer. Sadly, they gave up the home in foreclosure to the mortgage lender. Sometimes sad stories only get sadder. The two mortgages on the property were in the amounts of $125,000 and $25,000, respectively. The second mortgage holder outbid the first one at the ensuing auction, feeling that, much like the original owners, it was in a good position. Knowing that the house had been appraised for $300,000, and the obligation owing was only $150,000, it thought it could turn around and sell the property to cover the investment. It took nine long months to sell, during which time the lender was forced to pay the first mortgage and also accrued an additional $30,000 of interest and penalties. By the time the home finally sold, less the $30,000 in accrued indebtedness, guess who got stuck with the defi- ciency balance of $30,000 on their credit report? The original owners, of course! This couple not only had a foreclosure appear on their credit report for seven years, the report also showed a deficiency balance owing $30,000 on a home they had lost nearly one year earlier. In a time of financial setback they lost one of their most valuable assets due to a lack of liquidity. If they had separated their $150,000 in home equity and repositioned it into a safe side account, they would have easily been able to make their mortgage payments and prevented this series of events. At this point in the story, Doug admits the young couple was really he and his wife, Sharee. Despite objections from his editor, Doug insisted the story remain in the book because he wanted his readers to know he understands importance of positioning assets in financial instruments that maintain liquidity in the event of an emergency. If Doug and Sharee had access to their home’s equity, they could have used it to weather the financial storm until they could get back on their feet. Doug learned from his own experience the importance of maintaining flexibility in order to ride out market lows and take advantage of market highs. And, most importantly, he learned never to allow a significant amount of equity to accumulate in his property. Home equity is not the same as cash in the bank; only cash in the bank is the same as cash in the bank. Being house rich and cash poor is a dangerous position to be in. It is better to have access to the equity or value of your home and not need it, than to need it and not be able to get at it. Keeping home equity safe is really a matter of positioning yourself to act instead of react to market conditions over which you have no control. i The Seattle Times, in an article published in March 2004, reported, “Remember that housing prices can and do level off. They sometimes decline – witness Southern California just a little more than a decade ago, when prices took a 20 percent to 30 percent corrective jolt downward.” Real estate equity is no safer than any other investment whose value is determined by an external market over which we personally have no control. In fact, due to the hidden “risks of life,” real estate equity is not nearly as safe as many other conservative investments and assets. A home that is either mortgaged to the hilt or owned totally free and clear provides the greatest safety for the homeowner. Americans typically believe home equity is a very safe investment. In fact, according to a recent study, 67% of Americans have more of their net worth in home equity than in all other investments combined. However, if 100 financial planners looked at a client portfolio that was 67% weighted in a single investment, 99 out of 100 of them would immediately recommend the client first hand the seParating equity toncrease saFety oF PrinciPal“Home equity is not the same as cash in the bank. Only cash in the bank is the same as cash in the bank.” How the Affluent Manage Home Equity Copyright © 2006 by Strategic Equity LLC. All rights reserved. diversify to reduce their risk and increase safety of principal. Holding large amounts of home equity puts the homeow |